The Impact of Increased Literacy on Ballads and Chapbooks in Seventeent

The Impact of Increased Literacy on Ballads and Chapbooks in Seventeenth-Century England In seventeenth-century England, the ascent of well known instruction and proficiency corresponding with the mechanical innovation of printing, prompted the decrease in the formation of ditties and in the significance of chapbooks. After England's Restoration period, reasonable print was accessible in enormous amounts because of new mechanical developments in the printing field. Chronological registries got significant for family units on every social level to claim and around 400,000 were imprinted during the 1660s yearly. Books of scriptures were additionally being imprinted in extraordinary sums, however not as much as chronicles because of the way that they didn't become out-dated. From the get-go in the seventeenth-century England experienced a type of wonder similar to that marvel of the Great Rebuilding and is likely identified with it (9). This upsurgance of spending power empowered the yeomanry of the field to send their children to class. Liberated from the work power, these young men were instructed to peruse and compose. Fathers who were not as well off as the yeomen, still could send their children to class until they were of working age, around six or seven. These lower class young men were educated to peruse, however composing was instructed at a later age. This expansion in the measure of the populace that could peruse and compose was incredibly noteworthy, changing England from the fourteenth-century to the sixteenth century from a late medieval laborer society, to a general public where perusing and composing were utilized by more individuals, and on every single social scale, for training and diversion. Roughly 30% of men in the last 50% of the s eventeenth-century were proficient. Sixty-five percent of the yeomen w... ...rich widow, holding up at a similar spot to experience the service with him (56). Territorial chapbooks were composed, with the characters talking in neighborhood vernaculars and typically ridiculing another area of England or an individual visiting from a remote nation. The ascent in education and the lessening of printing costs that all the while happened in the seventeenth century, had both negative and beneficial outcomes on the financial structure of England. The oral convention of songs, and the social network based on it, were lost. Proficiency brought self-training through books and diversion from chapbooks to many yeomen, ranch works, tradesmen, and some lower class poor. Work Cited Spufford, Margaret. Little Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and its Readership in Seventeenth-Century England. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1981.

”Sister Maude” by Christina Rossetti Sample Essay Example For Students

†Sister Maude† by Christina Rossetti Sample Essay Christina Rossetti starts her sonnet â€Å"Sister Maude† with two comparable requests. asking who disclosed to her folks about her ‘shame’ . We do non cognize now what the narrator’s disgrace is. however, it a tiny bit at a time turns out to be certain that she was holding an issue with a fine-looking grown-up male. In Victorian occasions when Rossetti was forming. this would definitely hold been viewed as dark. The narrator answers the requests in the main quatrain. calling her sister Maude as the person who mentioned to her folks what was go oning. The quatrain closes with the narrator’s comment that Maude was descrying on her sister ; the word ‘lurked’ passes on the sentiment of subtlety and art. The way that the narrator says ‘who however Maude’ while answering the requests shows that nobody else would hold sold out the narrator as such. that Maude was a monstrous sister. The second quatrain central focuses on the narrat or’s darling. The word ‘cold’ is underscored by its place as the underlying word. what's more by its rehash in the analogy ‘as cold as stone’ in the main line. The expression ‘Cold he lies’ Tells us that he is presently dead. In the second line of this quatrain. Rossetti utilizes introductory rhyme in ‘clotted curls’ . an expression that other than echoes the underlying sound of ‘cold’ . The depiction recommends that his one time lovely hair is presently perchance solidified with blood. Again in this quatrain’s third line we discover similar sounding word usage with the troublesome ‘c’ sound in the expression ‘comeliest corpse’ . Indeed, even in expire. the grown-up male is truly fine-looking. so fine-looking that the finishing up line of the quatrain discloses to us that he could be the admirer of a sovereign. In the third quatrain the narrator talks directly to her sister. wishing that Maude had saved the mind of the grown-up male each piece great as the two sisters. We presently comprehend that it was Maude who killed the grown-up male. She was obviously rapacious. what's more, apparently the narrator was more appealing than Maude. The narrator passes on this idea in expressing that regardless of whether she had neer been conceived. the grown-up male would non hold considered holding an issue with Maude. The narrator goes to the fa te of her family unit in the fourth quatrain. She realizes that her male parent finds a sense of contentment in Eden. or then again ‘Paradise’ . while her female parent delaies at its entryway. This may expect that her female parent has just late kicked the bucket. The narrator knows. by the by. that Sister Maude will neer travel to paradise since she has submitted killing: she will ‘get no sleep’ . The expression ‘Either early or late’ that finishes up the quatrain likely implies that Maude is as yet alive. be that as it may, her The closing refrain of ‘Sister Maude’ stands apart as it has six lines contrasted with the four lines of the old verses. The narrator one time again alludes to her folks: she accepts that her male parent in paradise conceivably wears ‘a aureate crown’ . passing on the idea that he should hold carried on with a splendid life. Again we have the inclination that her female parent might be non long dead. as she ‘may win’ a Crown in Eden. The narrator so centers around herself and her darling. She accepts that despite the fact that they were holding an issue. holding been brutally killed they might be permitted to make a trip to paradise in the event that they ‘knocked at Heaven-gate’ . In the closing two lines of the stanza structure. the narrator one time again references Sister Maude straight. repeating her name in the penultimate line. She parts of the bargains by expressing Maude in no uncertain footings that she will hold to populate. or then again ‘Bide’ . ‘with expire and sin’ . The word ‘you’ is underscored with italics. pulling taking care of the differentiation between the predetermination of Maude and the rest of the family. The poem’s development is normal in that everything except the closing refrain are quatrains ; the last verse has six lines. leting Rossetti to see on the fate of her folks. her darling. herself and in the end her sister. The way that the first and third lines have no rimes gives Rossetti more opportunity in her pick of jargon. .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 , .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .postImageUrl , .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 , .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439:hover , .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439:visited , .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439:active { border:0!important; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439:active , .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushi oning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub119133fcd667ed5cda206ed878bd439:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: All Is Not Well In the Land of The Lion King Essay

The Risks of Using Alcohol to Relieve Anxiety

The Risks of Using Alcohol to Relieve Anxiety Panic Disorder Coping Print The Risks of Using Alcohol to Relieve Anxiety By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 23, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 23, 2019 skynesher / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Limited alcohol use is often considered acceptable in many situations. The occasional nightcap to unwind or a couple of celebratory drinks during a social gathering are usually not problematic and may even be considered socially customary. But if you have panic disorder or another anxiety disorder, alcohol use may become a problem. Studies are increasingly showing a correlation between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders. According to a 2001 study cited by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, about 20 percent of people with social anxiety disorder also suffer from alcohol abuse or dependence.??   Alcohol is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS). Initially, alcohol consumption has a sedative effect and produces a sense of euphoria and decreased inhibitions, seemingly providing relief from anxiety. Unfortunately, the long-term effects of alcohol abuse arent so pleasant. Chronic alcohol abuse may result in tolerance, dependency, and damage to many organs of the body, including the brain, liver, and heart.?? Theories of Alcohol Use as a Means of Coping With Anxiety People with anxiety disorders, including panic disorder and agoraphobia, often use alcohol as a primary means of coping with fear and anxiety. One theory of why this occurs is the “tension reduction hypothesis.” Simply put, this theory suggests alcohol is used as a self-medicating method to reduce stress and anxiety.?? Some researchers have proposed that there may be a genetic link  that influences a person’s anxiety level and alcohol consumption. These biological theories suggest that a brain mechanism is responsible for anxiety symptoms and drinking behaviors.?? Other researchers have proposed an expectancy component in alcohol consumption and anxiety symptoms. One would expect relief of anxiety symptoms after consuming alcohol due to its effects on the CNS. Drinking behaviors are based on one’s level of anxiety and the expected relief alcohol will provide. Relief from very high anxiety levels would be expected to ease with greater consumption of alcohol.?? Prevalence of Alcohol Abuse in People With Anxiety Disorders People with anxiety disorders are up to three times more likely to have an alcohol use disorder at some point in their lives than those without an anxiety disorder. Studies have also shown that problem drinking is more prevalent in certain anxiety disorders. For example:?? Social Anxiety Disorder and Agoraphobia:  Problem drinking tends to begin after the onset of symptoms related to social anxiety disorder  and agoraphobia. For example, someone who has a social anxiety disorder may fear to go to a social gathering where there may be many unfamiliar people. Just the thought of attending such a gathering produces a lot of anticipatory anxiety. To relax, the person self-medicates with alcohol.Unfortunately, this type of drinking behavior has inherent problems. Alcohol consumption becomes a “crutch,” and social situations where drinking isnt possible may be avoided. Another problem is that long-term alcohol abuse usually means developing a tolerance to its effects. This results in increased alcohol consumption to get the desired result.Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder:  For generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, studies have shown a different trend of alcohol use. Problem drinking tends to begin after or around the same time a s symptoms of a panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder present. This may indicate that some of the initial anxiety and panic symptoms experienced are related to alcohol withdrawal or that alcohol use has somehow provided a mechanism for these disorders to develop. Side Effects of Alcohol Abuse What begins as a way to cope with anxiety can quickly have the opposite effect of increasing distress. Problem drinking leads to alcohol withdrawal (aka a hangover). The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can include: AnxietyPanic attacksNauseaVomitingElevated blood pressure and heart rateAgitationIncreased body temperature These symptoms tend to create a cycle of heightened anxiety and increased problem drinking. How Much Is Too Much Drinking? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines heavy drinking as:?? For women, eight drinks* or more per weekFor men, 15 drinks* or more per week *One drink one 12-oz bottle of beer (5 percent alcohol), one 5-oz glass of wine (12 percent alcohol), one 8-oz bottle of malt liquor (7 percent alcohol), or 1.5 oz of 80-proof distilled spirits or liquor (40 percent alcohol). Some researchers believe that people with panic disorder or other psychological illnesses may have a lower threshold for alcohol tolerance.?? It may be possible to be “at-risk” even if you consume alcohol within the limits described above. Treatment for Alcohol Abuse and Anxiety Disorder If you have an anxiety disorder and are abusing alcohol, you should talk to your doctor or therapist. There are many effective treatments for both disorders, including ongoing individual and/or group therapy and prescribed medications.   Although you may have begun alcohol use as a self-medicating measure, its likely that it will cause you far more distress in the long run. Its never too soon or too late to get treatment for problem drinking. Find Support With the Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Personality Profile My Personality Essay - 1121 Words

I have to admit that I was skeptical at completing the personality profile. I thought, â€Å"How could a few questions determine everything about my management style†. When I received my results, I was astonished at how accurate these results portrayed my personality. While deciding which of my personality traits were advantageous and which were detrimental to my management style, I became conflicted as all of my scores can be portrayed as both positive and negative depending on the situation. I would classify my most advantageous trait to be scoring very low on the neuroticism scale. I have the ability to remain calm in the most stressful situations. Most would believe the neuroticism would be a negative trait. The word neuroticism, taken from the word neurotic has a negative connotation. Neuroticism is defined as being characterized as full of anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, loneliness and jealousy. I personally scored very low on this personality trait. The low score would categorize me as very calm, secure, hardy, relaxed and stable. The spectrum of these traits all lends to handling tense situations with a calm, collected even temperament. Performing managerial duties on a daily basis requires one to be all of these traits and more. Imagine a business full of employees who would like to strike or walk out due to the fact of the mother company has cancelled several of their benefits or an employee who has had multiple issue with work, home andShow MoreRelatedPersonality Profile : My Personality Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesin completing the personality profile. I thought, â€Å"How could a few questions determine everything about my management style†. When I received my results, I was astonished at how accurately those results portrayed my personality. 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For the first career profile activity, Interest, I will be talking about my results from my three letter code(RIASEC) and my SDS(Self-Directed Search) assessment. For the second career profile activity, Personalities, I will be talkingRead MoreThe Neo Pi R : Analysis And Room With A Cue Personality Project A Fuller861 Words   |  4 Pagesresults to self-analysis and room with a cue personality project a fuller more encompassing dispositional signature is revealed, requireing all methods in testing personality traits. First, we examine the experience of taking the NEO-PI-R and the accuracy of the results. Second, a comparison between self-analysis and NEO-PI-R result specifically in correlations between methods in openness to experience and extraversion. Examining average levels of personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness

Lewis Carroll And Hilary T. Smith Use Dialogue - 781 Words

One of the most direct ways for an author to reveal the thoughts and personality of a character is through their interactions with other characters, namely, their dialogue. These interactions will differ depending on the point of view of the story with each perspective offering a different insight into the disposition of the other characters. Authors such as Lewis Carroll and Hilary T. Smith use dialogue to create and enhance conflict within and surrounding their characters. In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll uses third-person limited to give the reader an intimate look into the thoughts, feelings, and actions of Alice by way of an anonymous narrator. With this perspective, it is possible to see the changes Alice undergoes during her adventure in Wonderland and her feelings on them. It also adds to the mystique surrounding the motives and intentions of the other characters within the story and adds to the tension created by the nonsensical application of reason. The dialogue between Alice and the other characters in the story gives the most insight into the underlying meaning of the story where Alice finds her herself in a fantastical world. Everything she knows is questioned, and the absurd and nonsensical are the norms. â€Å"Alice felt dreadfully puzzled. The Hatter’s remark seemed to have no sort of meaning in it, and yet it was certainly English. Alice had been looking over his shoulder with some curiosity. ‘What a funny watch!’ she remarked, ‘It tells the

Marketing The New Car Brand Free Essays

In undifferentiated strategy, it is assumed that the market is one great homogeneous unit, with no significant differences between individuals thin that market. 4. 3) Customized approach: Companies overlook customized approach to make brand profitable in market as it is strategy which is adopt to develop for each customer as opposed to each segment. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing The New Car Brand or any similar topic only for you Order Now This approach is dominant in market. This approach can make brand different from other car brands by giving the different requirements in assembly line. Undifferentiated marketing would be the best for England SEC. According to Blithe, undifferentiated marketing is about using a ‘scatter gun’ approach (2012: 85). In the future plans we will introduce customized approach as well. By adopting this approach we can make our brand different from other car brands by giving the different requirements in assembly line for the manufacture of automobiles. The cars will not be class-leaders, and European models will offer higher standards, but the launch England SEC is at least inoffensive and should offer lots of room. 5. Positioning: Kettle (1997) says that ‘Positioning is the act of designing the company’s offering and target customer’s minds. Positioning is not what you do to a product; it is what you do to the mind of a prospect (Rise and Trout, 1972). To make our brand compete in racket we have to focus on some positioning strategies. Fig (AAA) According to market survey Renault has positioned their brand up, that creates a vacuum and Geol. can hold that position. As AKA, Haunted, fiat and Citroen will be the main competitors for our England SEC, so in order to penetrate in the market we have to introduce more competitive strategies. Along with providing low price and longest warranty, Geol. has to pay more focus on customer services. Therefore geol. is providing breakdown cover for three years and as geol. exclusive Geol. will provide customers with low premium or can also offer them change in their premium n heavy months so that customer will attract to buy the car and can offer discount if they make the payment in full as one off payment. This will help Geol. to stand out than other competitors and will help to get more sales and profit. 6. Marketing Mix: The term â€Å"marketing mix† was first coined by Neil Borden, the president of American association in 1953. It is a mixture of several ideas and plans brought forward to promote a particular product and brand. The elements of marketing mix are often called the four As of marketing which are: product price promotion place Fig (AAA) This four up’s concept was used in old era when choice was limited with no extra services. But now in this changing consumer marketing services with product are essential which gives rise to 5th P I. E. People. Some commentators added two more As which are physical evidence and processes. For our Geol. England SEC, we have used these 7 As as follow: 6. 1) Product: Product quality and reliability should be in our mind if we are going to capture consumer market. The specification of England SEC is 0-MPH: 12. Sec; Top speed: 1 MPH; Economy: 43. Amps; ICC: 181 g/km; Kerr weight: keg; Engine type: 4 heel drive; Power: EBPP at ramp; Torque: 127 lb. Ft. At ramp; Gearbox: 5- SSP manual. Rupee’s automotive fit-and-finish departments certainly don’t have anything to fear from this car Our brand Geol. England SEC provides convenience and comfort, reliable performance and long warranty of 7 years to compete main competitor Aka because Ski’s unique selling point is its 7-year warranty (business case studies, 2012). The SEC isn’t going to threaten Rupee’s class-leading family cars – but from EYE. O for a full-sized family car, no one will expect it to. 6. 2) price: Sound pricing decisions are crucial to a successful business and should be considered at both long-term strategic and short-term tactical levels. We priced our brand similar to competitor and Geol. SEC will be EYE that is cheap and affordable for the purchase of a new car. Geol. will be launched as an entry level, for money’. Geol. will providing easy finances and also provide discount to the customers who will pay the balance off in one payment. . 3) Promotion: As people in UK are not aware of our brand Geol., so we will spend a huge amount to promote by participation in automobile exhibitions, advertising on internet, swappers, magazines radio, television and by personal selling leaflets. 6. 4) Place: The place aspect of marketing mix deals with the distribution channel for products and services. In order to control the distribution channel, Geol. at the beginning will generate more automotive dealers so that the car display shops go high and people can easily approach it. We will increase the numbers of directly operated stores in order to get an access to the local markets and will also create a website in order to reserve a place in the e-commerce world. 6. 5) People: This element of marketing mix covers the front line sales and customer service staff ho will have a direct impact on how your product is perceived. Galleys distributors will not only make their staff well-trained and knowledgeable about the product, but also there will be the right kind of people for the Job. Geol. will consider customer service as top preference. . 6) Physical Evidence: Geol. will provide as much evidence of the quality as possible. To make customer relax and confident Geol. will also offer test drive service, so the customer can have some practical evidence before buying. Geol. will ask for feedback from customers so we can develop to attract new customers. 6. 7) Processes: The process part of the mix is about being ‘easy to do business with’. Geol. will provide customer with customer help line number which will be easily accessible to the right department to solve their problem. Geol. will also design its website with update technology, which will show the availably or non-availability of the product in particular shops. These advances processes will help Geol. to attract customers because of its ‘easy-to approach’ method. 7. SOOT ANALYSIS: weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in business venture. The soot analysis for Geol. SEC is briefly described in table below: Table (AAA) 8. Recommendations: We should go for media advertising to improve brand image by spreading company policies and innovations to our consumer. Advertisement of Geol. through different channel like web, print media etc. Is also necessary. As customer today has become more cynical, time constrained and demanding therefore to deliver real customer satisfaction, our priority at launch is to have a trained representative network. Mostly customers have concerns about customer services, to get market edge we have to make and consistently keep our customer service as good as customer needs and acquirement. Geol. can target new customer through logical appraisal and feedback. We should have to customize our product according to customer desire like fancy styled alloy rims for young customers, diesel engine for customers doing high motorway mileage etc. Geol. should do engine modifications to attract wide range of customers. Geol. should not be market orientated only for capturing the consumer technology and have to do some innovation regarding car specifications like car interior/exterior design in order to compete with other car manufacturers and to capture consumer intentions. We have to widen our range as quickly as possible, probably at least a new model range every year for the next few years. 9. Summary of Days article: the Days article says that business performance depends on the advance skill in understanding the customer which has being generally approved by the marketing researcher who says the impact is high in market orientation on business performance. It is almost axiomatic that through on-going monitoring of customers, their needs, and market conditions, firms adapt to develop and deliver the products and services that are valued by customers by using total quality management (TTS). This behavior, termed market orientation (MO), is now central to marketing thought and practice as a key predictor of firm performance. However, the construct continues to receive critical, largely adverse, commentary from some scholars, Hammer and Parallax (1994) argued that an MO leaves the organization open to the tyranny of the server market in which managers see the world only through their current customers’ eyes and develop TTS which does not give positive output. Brother, Hilbert, and Pit (1999) suggested that being market oriented detracts from innovation. The common theme among the criticisms is that businesses pay a penalty or being market oriented. Slater and Nerve (1995) also argued that MO is â€Å"inherently entrepreneurial† because a market-oriented firm is able to anticipate and respond to the latent and emerging needs of customers. Mentor, and ?isomer (2002) found that MO mediated the impact of entrepreneurial proclivity on business performance. Although they advance the literature, these studies do not explicitly acknowledge or measure the proactive dimension of MO and thereby fail to respond adequately to the charge that MO is overly responsive However, significant gaps remain in responding to the critics. First, scholars present an overly positive view of responsive and proactive MO they neglect the potential costs associated with each dimension of MO that may diminish firm performance. The responsive and proactive market orientations may influence overall new product program performance through their impacts on incremental and radical innovations, respectively. This suggests that project teams working on product improvements may practice responsive MO, while those working on radical innovations practice proactive market orientation. 0. Summary of â€Å"the new consumer† article: See appendix, page 12. 11. Critical appraisal of recommendations in relation to Days article : In our recommendations we are quite agreed with Days initial statement that customers are very important and the more you know what customers want, the more you are going to do business profitably. And we also recommended that business should relate and regulate its capabilities according to customers demand. But we are not agreed with Days statement of being totally market oriented using TTS. Here we will oriented because it get distracted from innovation and that’s why we recommended that Geol. should not be market orientated only for capturing the consumer market UT also should have a look over future aspects and innovations. 12. Relating critical appraisal to the new consumer: As relating new consumer to the recommendation made on the days article, we analyses baker also said that the consumer should be given be given importance as the business environment has been changed now. He said the key challenges facing consumer marketers have been thrown up by the tectonic change that has impacted the macro-marketing environment. In the shift from a production-driven to a consumption-led economy, conventional approaches to consumer marketing are not succeeding in enabling organizations to master the dynamic complexity of the new market place. These key challenges can be summarized as the need to: Address the concern of brand owners and retailers. Embrace the new consumer. Help organizations develop real consumer responsiveness. Lift marketing out of its crisis. How to cite Marketing The New Car Brand, Papers

The eternal struggle Essay Example For Students

The eternal struggle Essay The Eternal Struggle Aggression. Bloodshed. Pain. Death. These are just some of theunfortunate side affects which accompany the phenomenon of life. These factorsare also intertwined with the methodical process of evolution, which, althoughoften cruel and merciless, is nonetheless beneficial to any species of animal,including, and perhaps especially, humans. Without violent conflict causing thedeath of the weak and survival of the strong, it is highly unlikely that we, Homo Sapiens Sapiens, would have diverged from our ape-like ancestry and createdcivilization. Through our technology we have nearly eradicated all threat toourselves from the natural world, the exceptions being disease and the unstoppable aging process. The most prominent factor in causing prematuredeath in humans is the actions of other humans. Greed, lust, envy, anger, andmindless hatred have all, at one time or another, contributed to the incitement of human conflicts which have more often than not been resolved by v iolent action. Despite our overwhelming intellectual superiority over the other creatures of this earth, it seems that we must resort to the most primal method of physical dominance in order to overcome our enemies of the same species. Is this truly necessary? Do we really need to fight one another? I believe that the unfortunate answer to this question is yes; violent conflict is essential for humans as they are now. I base this conclusion on the instincts ingrained in every persons DNA, the integral role of violent struggle in the process of progress, and the inefficiency of other methods of resolution. The most basic aspect of life, in any form, is the struggle to survive and pass on genes to the next generation. In a pride of lions, which is a smallcommunity of the same species, there is only so much food to go around. When akill is made the strongest get are the first to serve themselves, regardless ofwhich lion slaughtered the prey. This results in the strong getting stronger, whereas the weak, old, and diseased members of the pride continually findthemselves neglected the necessary nourishment until they eventually perish. We will write a custom essay on The eternal struggle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Among the males strength has more importance than being a means of self-survival; only the mightiest male has the privilege of mating with the femalesin the pride. The status of pride leader is determined by contests of brawn which, although seldom lethal, are rather violent. Lions which have achieved this role have been known to go to extremes measures to ensure its continuance, such as cannibalizing newborn males cubs in order to eradicate the possibility of future rivals. Such actions could be construed as murder, but one should remember that lions function primarily on instinct. This would indicate that using violence for personal benefit is instinctual in lions. Lions, like humans, are mammals, and all mammals possess, to a lesser or greater extent, similar genetic qualities. The predispositions inherited through our genes naturally inclines humans to use violence in to achieve higher status. unfortunately, in todays modern society status is often calculated in money and influen ce. As long as self-interest is a top priority to humans, a morality that is becoming increasingly apparent as time progresses, violent conflicts will continue to plague our civilization. Another factor contributing to the necessity of violence is the fact that it helps the progress of technological advancement, which in turn aides society in many ways. If the two World Wars never occurred it is probable to assume that aircraft would not be commonplace in our everyday lives. Computers, the Internet, and the Global Positioning System(GPS) were all originallycreated for military use during the Cold War era. War and the threat of it can be beneficial not only to the technology of a country, but its economy and moral as well. North America was suffering greatly from the effects of The GreatDepression before WWII, but after 1945 the continents economy was flourishinggreatly. Wartime creates a large amount of demand for many goods, and thesupply of these goods must therefore be increased to fulfil these requirements. .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 , .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .postImageUrl , .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 , .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0:hover , .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0:visited , .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0:active { border:0!important; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0:active , .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0 .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3130652fc0a21574a693520103900e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychological Effects of Marijuana1 EssayThis creates many jobs which are the backbone of a good economy. The threatfrom Nazi Germany also manifested a scapegoat for the nations problem, as wella source of motivation though creating a single evil entity that had to beovercome by the forces of good. Although these are only a few examples of theimmeasurable amount of situations throughout history in which violence hassignificantly benefited technology, economy, and moral , they clearly portray the necessity of aggressive conflicts in order to progress as a civilization. The final factor in my deduction that we need to fight one another is due to the sluggishness and undeceiv es of other methods of resolution. For better of worse, violence is the easiest, quickest, and most efficient way to solve a conflict. In a democracy legislation takes a ridiculous amount of time due to the tedious voting process. If a military dictator wished to make a law he/she would only have to say it was so and that would be the end of it. North America contains 50% of the worlds lawyers due to a justice system with so many loopholes that obvious killers have the possibility of being absolved. If O.J. was Cuban I dont think hed be making millions off his autobiography. Rome would have achieved but a fraction of its greatness were it not for its military strength, which it used to quell rebellions, maintain classism, and intimidate the rest of the world. Although freedom is highly beneficial to the individual, history shows that the sword is mightier than the pen. It would be nice to believe that one day we could belong to a Utopiansociety in which humans had absolutely no need to fight one another, but I mightas well wish to live forever for the likelihood of its occurrence. I have illustrated why we possess the lust to fight due to our instincts and shown how barbarous conflict is beneficial to our progress, much like the forging of a sword though heat and battery. Lastly, I presented the fact that ferociousness is the easiest and fastest means with which to solve a problem. Power, dominance, luxury, and even perhaps knowledge are best attained through violence. Until the day that humans become devoid of emotion, we will always possess a need to fight.

Process of Meeting New People in a Small Group Experience Essays

Process of Meeting New People in a Small Group Experience Essays Process of Meeting New People in a Small Group Experience Essay Process of Meeting New People in a Small Group Experience Essay Procedure of Meeting New People in a Small Group Experience Meeting new people will arouse assorted responses. The scope of possible responses can be predicted by or explained utilizing a figure of sociological theories. This paper explains the procedure of run intoing new people in little group point from the positions of the undermentioned theoretical constructs: ( a ) Tamotsu Shibutani’s symbolic interaction theory, Scheff’s theory of emotional distancing, Marshall Rosenburg and Abraham Maslow’s constructs of basic demands and Erving Goffman’s feeling direction theories. Given the alone focal point of each of the theories above, the survey explores them in bend.Tamotsu Shibutani’s Symbolic Interaction Theory Symbolic interaction theory holds that worlds will be given to move towards things that bear some significances to them. The significance or significance of such things are derived from one’s societal experiences and societal interaction with others, as modified by one’s readings and perceptual experience ( Becker A ; McCall, 2009 ) . In the context of a little group, an person will be more inclined to fall in the group if members of the group have some significance or engage in the activity of significance to the person. In this instance, there will be an urge to portion individuality or prosecute in affairs of common involvements ( Becker A ; McCall, 2009 ) . If the single members of the group present themselves as conveying together members of common religion, so the expectedness of religion will ensue into a positive perceptual experience that the group is of high value, provided the mention group of the connection member are those who claim to be spiritual. The g roup s members will necessitate to exhibit conformity with the norms acceptable to the faith-based group, because it is the values of the faith in inquiry that will bond ( consummate ) the person to the group. The individuals’ positions will every bit count, as it shapes the reading the single gives to the Acts of the Apostless of single group members. Tom Scheff: Theory of Emotional Distancing The theory of emotional distancing suggests that the basic emotions that one exhibits towards a relationship spouse will find the behavior of the spouse and find the relationship distance with the spouse ( Scheff et al. , 2002 ) . Where one meets new people in a little group, the person will be given to pull closer ( maintain near relationship distance ) with the persons who exhibits emotions that build the single public assistance. Such emotions include felicity, friendliness, joy among others. The emotions are likely to trip fond regard to the specific persons and the group. On the other manus, the person will be given to maintain off from the group members who exhibit to the single emotions that potentially amendss the single public assistance. Such emotions include fright, choler, hatred, shame, disapproval among others ( Scheff et al. , 2002 ) . Hatred, shame, disapproval and choler, for case, endanger one’s individuality and would do the single perceive as being bastard and unwelcomed.As a defense mechanism mechanism, an person may be detached or rebel from the persons exhibiting the baleful emotions. The distance between the person and the group as a whole is besides capable to the same form of fond regard and withdrawal. That is, where the group shows emotion that Fosters one’s public assistance, the person will be more affiliated to the group. However, emotions damaging a group member’s behavior will arouse withdrawal and rebellion from the group ( Scheff et al. , 2002 ) . Marshall Rosenburg and Abraham Maslow Theory of Needs Basic demand theories, like those postulated by Rosenburg and Maslow, suggest that human demands are the indispensable motive for all behaviors. As such, persons are likely to keep on to a relationship if such a relationship promotes meeting of their demands. Maslow identifies the love and sense of belonging as critical constituents of human demands, which persons are likely to prosecute ( Boeree, 2006 ) . Persons are hence expected to be more affiliated to the group if members of the groups show the single love and a sense of belonging. However, isolation or favoritism an person from the group is likely to trip a feeling that one does non belong to the group, therefore arousing withdrawal. Alternatively, the person may try to look for an alternate group that would run into the individual’s needs for love, attending and sense of belonging. Other interpersonal demands, which if achieved will do an single satisfied and hence more affiliated to the group include credence, grasp, love, honestness, regard, support, trust apprehension, consideration, community among others ( Marshall, 2001 ) . When the group fail to run into these demands, person will experience disgruntled with the group and finally detach oneself from the group. Alternatively, they may place with a subdivision of the group that meet the demands. Erving Goffman’s Impression Management Harmonizing to Erving Goffman’s feeling direction ( IM ) theory, persons or groups may pull strings the perceptual experience of others by picturing an feeling that will arouse the coveted end ( Solomon, Solomon, Joseph, A ; Norton, 2013 ) . The feeling will so look to the mark audience as the world and will last until such a clip that the person or group win in or fails to vibrate with the group. When a lazy and chesty member joins a little group, the person may dress neatly and talk with courtesy to make an feeling that the individual is good organized and mannered. Sometimes, they may suggest at how good connected they are, to give an feeling of how resourceful they are. These will represent look behavior that earns them admittance to the group on history of the feeling created ( Solomon et al. , 2013 ) . Once an insider and have got used to the members, or is non welcomed wholly, the same individual may now speak impolitely or non care much about their garbs. This constit utes offstage behavior. The audience here are the group members, and the histrion is single. Decision To reason, assorted theoretical point of views have a different anticipation of how single will react in a little group puting. Overall, interpersonal relationship among the group members and the group every bit good as feelings created are some of the chief forecasters of behaviors in a little group puting. Mentions Aksan, N. , KAÂ ±sac, B. , AydAÂ ±n, M. , A ; Demirbuken, S. ( 2009 ) . Symbolic interaction theory.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,1( 1 ) , 902-904.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042809001633 Becker, H. S. , A ; McCall, M. M. ( Eds. ) . ( 2009 ) .Symbolic interaction A ; cultural surveies. Chicag. University of Chicago Press.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.co.ke/books? hl=en A ; lr= A ; id=EgDM_zn7EZYC A ; oi=fnd A ; pg=PP2 A ; ots=lkrdUPLJp1 A ; sig=mI-PrBO7U-jVr9lwnzrskgos2c0 A ; redir_esc=y # v=onepage A ; q A ; f=false Boeree, C. G. ( 2006 ) .Abraham Maslow. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lake.k12.fl.us/cms/lib05/FL01000799/Centricity/Domain/3306/Abraham_Maslow.pdf Marshall, S. K. ( 2001 ) . Do I affair! Construct proof striplings perceived mattering parents and friends.Journal of adolescence,24( 4 ) , 473-490. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.researchgate.net/profile/Sheila_Marshall/publication/222855213_Do_I_Matter_Construct_validation_of_adolescents_perceived_mattering_to_parents_and_friends/links/00b7d51b63539337a5000000.pdf Scheff, T. , Stanko, E. A. , Wouters, C. , A ; Katz, J. ( 2002 ) . How Emotions Work.Theoretical Criminology,6( 3 ) , 361-380.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //tcr.sagepub.com/content/6/3/361.short Solomon, J. Solomon, , Joseph, N. L. , A ; Norton, S. D. ( 2013 ) . Impression direction, creative activity and fiction in societal and environmental coverage: Penetrations from Erving Goffman.Accounting, organisations society,38( 3 ) , 195-213. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2681/1/WRAP_Spencer_oatey_073125-cal-290110-spencer-oatey_jop07.pdf .

Definition and Examples of Situational Irony

Definition and Examples of Situational Irony Situational irony is an event or  occasion in which the outcome is significantly different from what was expected or considered appropriate. Also called irony of fate,  irony of events, and irony of circumstance. Dr.  Katherine L. Turner characterizes situational irony as a long con- a ruse taking place over time. Participants and onlookers do not recognize the irony because its revelation comes at a later moment in time, the unexpected twist.  In situational irony, the anticipated outcome contrasts with the end result (This Is the Sound of Irony, 2015). The essence of situational irony,  says J. Morgan Kousser, lies in an apparent contradiction or incongruity between two events or meanings, a contradiction resolved when the literal or surface meaning turns out to be one of appearance only, while the initially incongruous meaning turns out to be the reality (Region, Race, and Reconstruction, 1982). Also Known As: Irony of situation, irony of events, irony of behavior, practical irony, irony of fate, unintended consequences, irony of existence Examples and Observations Situational irony, sometimes called irony of events, is most broadly defined as a situation where the outcome is incongruous with what was expected, but it is also more generally understood as a situation that includes contradictions or sharp contrasts...An example would be a man who takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool.(Lars Ellestrà ¶m, Divine Madness. Bucknell University. Press, 2002)Not all forms of irony are conscious, intentional or planned. For example, irony also occurs serendipitously through unintended and unexpected circumstances or through the evolution of situations. Situational irony focuses on the surprising and inevitable fragility of the human condition, in which the consequences of actions are often the opposite of what was expected.(David Grant, The Sage Handbook of Organizational Discourse. Sage, 2004)[I]magine that a person has invested  a large sum of money in an apparently reliable company while mocking others for failing to take the same  opportunity. Then, the company turns out to be a failure and all the investors money is lost. The situation is ironical for two reasons in combination: (1) there is a mismatch between the investors certainty on the solvency of the company and the real situation; (2) after getting ruined, the investors unwise mockery of those who did not want to undertake any risk makes the investor look foolish. We may observe that, in situational irony, just like in verbal irony, there is incongruity between intention and effect or between belief and reality.(Francisco Josà © Ruiz de Mendoza Ibà ±ez and Alicia Galera Masegosa,  Cognitive Modeling: A Linguistic Perspective. John Benjamins, 2014) Situational Irony in A.E. Housmans Poem Is My Team Ploughing? â€Å"Is my team ploughing,That I was used to driveAnd hear the harness jingleWhen I was man alive?† Aye, the horses trample,The harness jingles now;No change though you lie underThe land you used to plow. â€Å"Is football playingAlong the river shore,With lads to chase the leather,Now I stand up no more?† Aye, the ball is flying,The lads play heart and soul;The goal stands up, the keeperStands up to keep the goal. â€Å"Is my girl happy,That I thought hard to leave,And has she tired of weepingAs she lies down at eve?† Ay, she lies down lightly,She lies not down to weep:Your girl is well contented.Be still, my lad, and sleep. â€Å"Is my friend hearty,Now I am thin and pine,And has he found to sleep inA better bed than mine?† Yes, lad, I lie easy,I lie as lads would choose;I cheer a dead man’s sweetheart,Never ask me whose.(A.E. Housman, Is My Team Ploughing?  A Shropshire Lad, 1896) Situational Irony in Creative Nonfiction Situational irony  abounds in fiction, but its also a major component to many  non- fiction  narratives- if you think about the popular storm books from a couple of years ago, Sebastian Jungers Perfect Storm and Erik Larsons Isaacs Storm, both accounts of these terrible hurricanes deal with the all-too-human disinclination to take nature seriously. Hey, how bad can some wind and rain be? Not going to stop me from raking in the dough.(Ellen Moore and Kira Stevens, Good Books Lately. St. Martins Press, 2004) The Irony of War Every war is ironic because every war is worse than expected. Every war constitutes an irony of situation because its means are so melodramatically disproportionate to its presumed ends.(Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford University Press, 1975) Incongruity in Situational Irony Situational irony entails a certain incongruity between what a person says, believes, or does and how, unbeknownst to that person, things actually are. [In Sophocles tragedy Oedipus Rex]  Oedipus vows to discover Laius murderer, unaware that Laius was his father and that he himself is guilty of patricide. Whatever the precise nature of the incongruity involved in situational irony, verbal and situational irony loosely share a conceptual core of incongruity, often tending toward polar opposition, between two elements, such as a semblance of things and reality.Dramatic irony may be further distinguished as a type of situational irony; it is simply when situational irony occurs in a drama. The incongruity is between what a dramatic character says, believes, or does and how unbeknownst to that character, the dramatic reality is. The example in the preceding paragraph is, then, specifically of dramatic irony.(David Wolfsdorf, Trials of Reason: Plato and the Crafting of Philosophy. Oxfor d University  Press, 2008) A Wimbledon commentator may say, Ironically, it was the year he was given a wild-card entry, and not as a seeded player, that the Croatian won the title. The irony here refers, like linguistic irony, to a doubleness of sense or meaning. It is as though there is the course of events or human intentions, involving our awarding of rankings and expectations, that exists alongside another order of fate beyond our predictions. This is an irony of situation, or an irony of existence.(Claire Colebrook, Irony. Routledge, 2004) The Lighter Side of Situational Irony Sheldon: So this is how it ends: with cruel irony. Just as I make the commitment to preserving my body, I am betrayed by my appendix, a vestigial organ. Do you know the original purpose of the appendix, Leonard? Leonard: No. Sheldon: I do, and yet I am doomed while you live on. Leonard: Funny how things work out, isnt it?(Jim Parsons and Johnny Galecki in The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification. The Big Bang Theory, 2010)

Introduction to Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Consumer Behavior - Assignment Example 2. Search engine companies are responding to the capability of apps to limit or exclude identity of the user by using technology related bias that threatens values such as privacy and favor values related with scrutiny and monitoring. The companies tend to manipulate search results by systematically giving prominence to some sites. Search engine companies have also resorted to offering of personalization and customizing features (Johnson 26-9). Security of users, data and the network has been given first priority by the search engine companies through robust security architecture and rigorous security programs. There are flexibility required for open platform such as protecting user data, system resources and offering application isolation. There is secure inter-process communication, application signing and application defined and user defined permissions. 3. Tagging apps users is helpful in grouping customers and the usefulness is evident when searching on a tag. Tagging further assists in identifying users deemed significant for categorizing app users. New methods of tagging app users also play a significant role in driving repeated usage where new products and services can be built. The new tagging capabilities may further help to expand app landscape and making mobile marketing more competitive (Johnson 29-30). The new methods may also help in optimizing strategies for ranking and maintenance of a user-base in the social media and even change the way users discover apps. 4. Facebook’s challenges of transferring its targeted ad to mobile platforms may play reach a huge number of mobile phone users worldwide. Consumers will be able to learn about different ads at their convenience. Many companies will be able to offer their ads information to the targeted customers globally and provide them with variety of products and services. In this case, consumers will enjoy variety of

Concert Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Concert Review - Essay Example lighting of the pews contrasted with the brightly lit stage thereby making every aspect of the performance at the concert visible to the various musical critics present at the concert. A number of artists performed various classics including Castle Valse Classique, Burritt variations, Prelude and Fugue in Bb Major, Rounders and the Jolly Caballero among many others. The percussion ensembles on stage on the night consisted of a variety of musical instruments including a tambourine, cymbals, triangle, bass drums and xylophone. The construction of the stage was systematic and fitted with adequate microphones to help enhance the audibility of the surround system in the halls. The xylophone was a major instrument that enhanced the presentation of the classic percussion theme as various artists took their turns at the magical instrument and produced a variety of unique and creative creations. The first piece performed at the concert was the legendary Castle Valse Classique, which took us on an adventurous journey through different emotions and sounds and so did several other pieces performed in the night event. The performers portrayed their musical genius as they began the piece as a classic before they transformed into a jazz-like beats and ending the performance in a high tempo with a beat that resembled beats in hip-hop. This raised the spirit of the fans thereby setting the stage for other equally talented performers. The performance compared and contrasted with the things we have done in Drum Circle. Key among the similarities was the rotational performance as the various artists played their respective instruments systematically yet alternately at particular durations thereby producing different sounds appropriately. In performing The Joy Caballero, four performers took to the stage with their various musical instruments, which included the xylophone and marimbas among many others. They played the instruments methodically thus producing a holistic musical

Eros And Civilization Analysis

Eros And Civilization Analysis In order to be able to fully understand this literary piece of work, it is important to first start by defining a few terms that will mostly be referred to in this piece of work; Eros refers to an instinct that works towards self-preservation, pleasure and procreation. When the three are considered in a group, they are what constitute Eros. Civilization is a state or condition of being highly developed and mostly refers to a society that has a very high level of organization culturally and socially. In terms of individuality, civilization refers to a certain level of material comfort which a person is used to and probably would not do without. Repression or suppression, which can be used interchangeably in this context, refers to a psychological mechanism in which people try to protect themselves from harmful or not-so appealing thoughts, by blocking them out of their conscious mind. Capitalism is a free market system in which there is private ownership of capital (means of productio n). Distribution of goods and services is based on a motivation to gain more profits than ones competitors. Instincts are strong freely occurring impulses that occur in the mind to warn somebody about something without necessarily reasoning about it. Sometimes also known as an inborn trait, it is the behavior pattern shaped by biological necessities (Herbert, p.16). Eros and civilization is a piece of literary work done by one Herbert Marcuse who was a German philosopher who lived in the 20th century. The literature revolves around a critique approach to Freuds sociological titled civilization and its discontents. Marcuse begins by giving an elaborate description of biology, which he argues is a fight against suppression of instincts, hence is a force that tries to bring out the best of intuition or the sixth sense as many call it. He continues to argue that capitalism, which is the economic lifestyle that has overtaken society, is up in arms trying all it can to prevent us from reaching the level of a non-repressive society. Herbert continues to say that the theory put forth by Freud that repression is a necessary condition if civilization is to survive in the current. On the contrary, Herbert thinks that Eros is more superficial, constructive and liberating (Herbert, p.16). What Herberts works aims at disapproving is the notion that human instincts and suppression/instincts/superego are always in conflict for survival. Freud argues that the superego is ever in a struggle to follow societys norms and rules at its own expense. In his view, Eros and civilization cannot co-exist, and their clash is what gives rise to a repressed humanity history. He continues to say that it is as a result of suppression of instincts is what has given rise to the modern level of civilization that we are living in today, without which civilization would not have been possible. He gives the example of the sexual instinct. Had it been that human beings give in to this instinct whenever it arises, without a second thought and without channeling that energy into progress, it is likely that there would be no civilization at all in the first place. Herbert comes in to argue that in as much the energy is channeled into progress, human beings do so at the expense of their Eros; pleas ure, procreation and self preservation, which should not be the case. According to Marcuse, progress is just another word for sacrifice of human happiness. He is of the opinion that conflict is not really between work and Eros, but between alienated labor and Eros. To give an example on this, he goes ahead to say that sex, for example, is a preserve of the capitalists, and for the laborers when they are not disturbing progress. He advocates for a socialist society that would not need the performance of the poor top progress, and hence a society that would not deliberately suppress the sexual drives of its inhabitants. Such a society would do away with alienated labor and in its place adopt non-alienated libidinal work. This would then give rise to a non-suppressive civilization. In his view, Herbert confidently infers that instincts are shaped by historical aspects like repression and that today, society suffers from increased suppression which is as a result of contemporary society (Herbert, p.24). The struggle for existence is a dynamic concept that should involve a rationality that subdues repressive reasoning. This way, when happiness and reason converge, they will be able to create their own hierarchy of doing things, their priorities and divisions of labor, without one being repressed to give way to the other. This is the performance principle that should administer things or events, but not people. This is so much in contrast to modern civilization which is nothing more than close coordination and arrangements that must carry recognized authority. Marcuse has established that todays hierarchical civilization does not come easy or with freedom per se, but it all the same comes so strongly because repression has become so effective that it has assumed the position of freedom. An attempt in the abolition of this order of things is seen as a terrorization of freedom, which in essence is nothing more than repression of gratification and pleasure. Freedom, in his perception is not only private, but does not exist in the absence or privacy. So the question arises, does civilization give rise to freedom, and how? If it does not, who is supposed to establish and enforce objective standards? After a closer analysis of other philosophers writings, Marcuse has settled for the idea that creation of a favorable human existence for all people is no longer confined to a selected few. It is now very possible to create happiness, but only if the human consciousness is not arrested and diverted elsewhere. People have the capacity to learn, understand and tell the difference between what can be termed as normal repression and excessive repression. This cannot be achieved overnight, but would, with time, give rise to a utopia society, marked with perfection, happiness and a balance between work and gratification (Herbert, p.27). Major themes raised by Herbert Marcuse In his theory of Eros and civilization, there are many life topics that this philosopher seeks to address. These themes include conflict, happiness, sexual desire/lust, gratification, and exploitation. In the theme of exploitation, we can see that repression is a force applied unconsciously by laborers, so that they can please their employers in the capitalist setting. The employers on the other hand know that their employees are working extra hard at the expense of their happiness, but they do nothing to liberate the employees from this torture. All the employers want is to maximize their profits from the labor of these poor fellows, while at the same time being able to enjoy the finer qualities of life. One of the things that they enjoy freely without having to repress their feeling is sex, as Marcuse says †¦sex is a preserve for the elite†¦ who in this case are non others than the exploitative employers. Life, looking at it from a larger perspective, also exploits the me mbers of society. This is because they put in so much effort into their work, with the hope of being able to enjoy rewarding benefits, but what happens? Life continues to tie them in a cycle of what is commonly referred to as the rat race; putting much effort with little or no rewards to enjoy. Isnt this exploitation (Herbert, p. 36). The theme of happiness comes out so strongly because it is the essence of the writing anyway. Herbert seems to strongly support the idea that happiness should be the essence of living, and anything that derives us of the opportunity to be happy should be done away with or modified to fit into the lifestyle in which we can derive happiness. Marcuse says that a utopia society is possible, a society where everyone is happy, satisfied with life and still enjoys the benefits of labor. He dreams of a society that will not require Eros does not posses a natural self-restraint, delay or detour from the normal course of life. The theme of gratification comes with happiness. Marcuse is of the idea that, when peoples desires are met and they have a sense of gratification, then the most likely thing that will follow is happiness. Gratification comes as a pre-requisite for happiness. When Eros and civilization co-exist at harmonious levels, what results is gratification. Conflict is depicted so clearly when Freud suggests that for there to be civilization, there must be some level repression. Civilization is viewed as progressive development and for progress to be realized, energies that seek gratification must be converted into energy and then directed towards progress. There is conflict of instincts, progress/development and happiness/gratification. This conflict as depicted by Freud is what forms the basis of Herberts critic theory of Eros and Civilization. There is also conflict of ideas in that while one philosopher feels that Eros and civilization cannot co-exist, the other one is of a totally different view and feels that Eros must be present if civilization is to be meaningful (Herbert, p.46). Sexual desire is theme that is sharply projected in Herberts work of Eros and civilization. To Marcuse, the ability to freely express and satisfy sexual desires equate to human liberation. This, he says, has become a preserve for the rich and the elite, while the poor and the less educated are left with nothing but alienated labor that forces them to suppress their desires, with a false hope of becoming civilized. He adopts the Marxist approach and advocates that human beings should adopt play, phantasm and art in order to be able to fully express their real needs and desires. Marcuse sees human beings as the vessels of abundance, with the full potential of gratification of energies and other faculties of existence. Non-repressive civilization is a concept that Marcuse is fond of referring to, having borrowed the idea from Marx, with a great emphasis on sexual liberation. Describe the internal logic of the piece of political philosophy you are reading. This piece of article has a great sense of logic in it, in that it brings out the complete essence of civilization. If civilization is described as the level of material comfort that an individual is able to enjoy and which he hopes to maintain, then it beat logic if man is able to create that wealth, but lacks the freedom or opportunity to enjoy the benefits that come with the wealth, then he might as well not have struggled so much to make that wealth. In as much as Freud argues that some repression is determined by society, Marcuse is of the feeling that some limitations that we impose on ourselves are not necessarily stimulated by an external repressive reality principle. Instincts, he says, are sometimes bound to obey the rules of nature because they happen to have inherent libidinal value. This he goes on to explain saying that there is a great possibility that the sexual instinct in nature has some characteristics that makes it impossible to achieve absolute gratification. Rep ression, if always allowed to dominate the human mind, would more likely than not become barriers to human freedom since they tend to protect that other nature from which pleasure, gratification and happiness originates. Eventually, human beings would not be able to rise to the level of self actualization; neither would they be able to differentiate gratification at the mere sense of the word and happiness as a result of gratification. If human beings concentrated on the pleasure principle, then they would be able to bring together their refusal s and selections, gauge which ones helps to alleviate conflict, pain and frustrations, then these antagonisms would be embedded with the rational mind of gratification ((Herbert, p.74). Pleasure principle is a concept based on psychoanalysis and was developed by Sigmund Freud and Marcuse applies it in his Eros and civilization theory to bring out the close relationship between the strength of Eros and the level of civilization that one can achieve depending on that strength. 6the principle of pleasure states that people are always on the look out for things, activities or events that bring them pleasure and not pain. They are always out to satisfy their biological and psychological needs. On the other hand, and contradictory to the pleasure principle is the reality principle, which tends to postpone gratification when necessary for attainment of a greater need at that moment. The id, which is the selfish nature in human beings, is ruled by the pleasure principle and starts operating when human beings are very young. As they grow older this nature is overtaken by the ego and superego, which teach man to suppress their immediate desires and emotions and to defer grati fication. This is how people learn to reason and to take account the reality principle, which even though seeks pleasure as well, does so in account of reality and hence postpones pleasure. Marcuse is of the idea that id should not be suppressed and should be let to rule, but in a balanced level. If the so much desired pleasure can be attained in the here and now and yet maintain the required level of civilization, then be it whatever the cost (Herbert, p.264). The reality principle on the other hand takes into account the advantage there is in postponing gratification for the sake of attaining a goal that is long lasting and which will provide security in the future. This is where the concept of repression comes in as depicted by Freud. The principle implies that is only desires and pleasures can be suppressed today and that energy directed towards growth and progress, then gratification will come at a later date, with all its benefits because with it will be happiness and satisfaction. To Marcuse, this is flawed thinking because repression of desires and emotions is an injustice to naturally occurring desires and wants. For example, he says, repressing the desire to have sex today in order to enjoy it at a later date when one is economically stable is doing an injustice to this natural biological drive that one is born with. Logically speaking, if these desires were not meant to be satisfied, why then do they exist in the first place? Why does their gratification have to be suppressed all in the name of civilization? In Marcuses words and opinion, it is very possible for these two factors to harmoniously co-exist (Herbert, p.67) Incorporate some historical context surrounding Herbert Marcuse. Herbert Marcuse was a German philosopher born in Berlin in the year 1898 and died in 1979. He was a critical thinker who in his lifetime wrote a lot of philosophical works among them being Eros and Civilization, One dimensional Man and The Aesthetic Dimension. In his early youthful years, he joined the German army and he later found his way into the soldiers council that participated in the Sparta cist uprising where he became a members. By the year 1922 he had completed his Ph.D. thesis at the University of Freiburg. He moved to Berlin after this and worked with a publishing house and while at it met and married Sophie Wertheim, who was a mathematician. In 1924 he and another writer by the name of Martin Heidegger, whom he referred to as his greatest teacher, wrote a book by the title Hegels Ontology and Theory of Historicity, which was later published in the year 1932. In 1933 after Marcuses academic career was blocked by the rise of the Third Reich, he joined the Frankfurt Institu te for Social research. In the same year he published his own review of Marxs Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. This was the first publication that helped him gain a social standing as a theorist of his generation. He did not step here because while still a member is the Institute, he created a model for critical social theory by creating a theory on capitalism. In this theory he described the relationships between philosophy, sociology and cultural criticism. He went ahead and provided a criticism and analysis of German fascism. His works were boosted by the fact that he closely worked with critical theorist while in Frankfurt Institute (Herbert, p.301). In an analysis and critique of Marxs woks, Marcuse argued that many of Marxs thoughts had become too rigid for life and that they needed a phenomenological view in order to become revived and to apply to the modern-day life. This is bearing in mind that Marx had neglected individuality in his writings, yet Herbert was for liberation of humanity from the philosophical ideologies that held him captive. Herbert views a world where society would transform from capitalism to socialism. His study and critique of Hegels Ontology and theory of Historicity also had some major contributions to the Hegel renaissance that took place in Europe around the same time. His was an emphasis on the theory of spirit and dialects, which greatly shaped the outcome of the Hegel. Herbert became quite an observer on anything and everything about society, from politics, to economics to social interactions. So ingrained was he in analyzing society that in 1941 he wrote his own book in English whose title was Re ason and Revolution. The book traced the genesis of Hegel, Marx and modern social theory. In 1934 he had become a social radical and he fled from the Institute of social research in which he was based then and went to the United States where he lived for the rest of his life ((Herbert, p.304). Marcuse served in the Office of Street services and in the government offices in the years between 1941 and 1950. It was his experience in this workforce that led him to write the book Eros and Civilization. In his view, the US government was motivated by a desire to overcome fascism. It was in this book that Herbert tried to synthesize Marx and Freuds ideologies and to bring out an outline of a non-repressive society. He argued that the suggested repressed conscious in human being is expressed through daydreams, works of art, philosophy and other works of cultural projection. In his works, Marcuse hoped to bring out the possible outlines of non-repressive civilization characterized by libidinal and non alienated labor, play, free and open sexuality and liberation of humanity into freedom and happiness. His desire and vision for a liberated society gave shape to many of his 1960s writings and this is what helped him to become a major political, social and intellectual influence durin g his lifetime and years after his death. It was during his tenure at Brandeis University in the year 1958 that Marcuse published a critical study of the Soviet Union (Soviet Marxism) and his view and opinions are what brought to an end the taboo that existed within the government circles of criticizing the USSR and Soviet communism. He distanced himself from those people who had a tendency of viewing Soviet communism as a bureaucratic system that was not capable of reforms and democracy. To him, the Union possessed the potential to become liberal and this indeed was seen in reality in 1980 when the union came under the rule of Gorbavech. In an attempt to theorize the potential decline of capitalism, Marcuse published yet another critical book known as One Dimensional Man in 1964. He argued that the industrial society had succeeded in creating false needs in which individuals would be so much ingrained to satisfy that they would forget about everything else that pertains their lives. Media, industrial management, advertising and contemporary modes of thinking all worked in perfect harmony in order to keep humanity from complaining, negativity and opposition. As a result, man became a one-dimensional creature while his very aptitude and ability for critical thinking withered away. This book was severely criticized by orthodox Marxists and other theorists. However, it remains a great influence in the New Left as it was in the forefront for a demand of revolutionary change that earned Marcuse the respect of new radicals ((Herbert, p.216). Conclusion Eros and Civilization has continued to be a great piece of philosophical criticism that arouses mixed feeling among other philosophers and theorists. Marcuse is today a renowned social, political and economic critic although his influence is slowly but surely waning. However, this fading of his influence can greatly be attributed to the fact that there are not many writings that have followed since the publication of Eros and Civilization to support his works. However, this does not mean that his works have no relevance to the contemporary society we live in today. Marcuse presents humanity with rich and unbeatable philosophical views on human beings and their relationship to society in terms of nature, social theory and radical politics. In addition, Marcuse had a vision of the existence of a liberal, repression-free society that allowed people to attain happiness without necessarily postponing gratification. Marcuse comes out very strongly as a sharp, keen and ever-present social a nalyst. In other writings, he brings out the relationship between technology, economy, and culture and everydays life and even predicts a rapid change. In as much as technology was not so advanced in those days, we in the twenty first century can witness what this philosopher predicated. Marcuse had a great desire to leave behind a legacy and this he achieved without much struggle. Eros and Civilization, if well studied and analyzed forms a basis on which society can become free from oppression and repression and people can learn to live a day at a time. Work cited Herbert M., Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud, London, Routledge, 1987

An Imperialistic Love Triangle in “The Quiet American”

The Orient is traditionally viewed as separate, backward, erotic, exotic, and passive. It mirrors a past of unscrupulous tyrannical power involving carnal pleasures and deviating from the restrictive morals of the â€Å"occidental. † The Orient displays feminine vulnerability with its progress and value judged as inferior to the West. Graham Greene’s The Quiet American presents the treatment of Phuong as a metaphor for how foreign occupying forces treat her native country of Vietnam, and her depiction as having no control in matters of her love life is a motif of the Orient being a feminized other.Hegemonic masculinity is a sociological term referring to the socialization of men producing normative perceptions of masculinity to be correlated in being unemotional and dominating others, especially women. Hegemonic masculinity brings an interesting pairing to the ideals of post-colonial imperialism in Vietnam. The French, British, and American all have aimed to elevate the people out of ignorance and savagery, and lead them to a more sophisticated social and political livelihood. They engaged in a gendered polarity with themselves and the effeminate other, Vietnam.Love PoemIn The Quiet American, the French, British and Americans viewed Vietnam as a feminized entity. It is non-threatening and an outlet for the carnal pleasures and delights of all things exotic: women, opium and trade. As such with the context of this paper, Pyle and Fowler's battle over Phuong is a clash of male dominance. Phuong is the most interesting character in Greene’s novel. She is depicted as a voiceless beauty without any power or opinions of her own. As her sister Hei affirms in Chapter 3 of part 1, â€Å"[s]he is the most beautiful girl in Saigon. [†¦] She is delicate, [†¦] She needs care. She deserves care.She is very, very loyal† (Greene, 46). At this part of the novel, Hei meets Pyle and instantly wants to set her sister up in a marriage with him. Hei sees him as a better match than Fowler because he is younger, single and wants children. The underlining stereotype that is reinforced through the Phuong character is a feminine and weak Oriental awaiting the dominance of the West. She is a defenseless woman that exists for, and in terms of, her Caucasian male lovers. Her role in the love triangle is reminiscent of her homeland’s colonial restraints. She is only presented in terms of what the two men want from her.Pyle wants her to become a typical American housewife with children. Fowler wants her to remain just as she is: his servant and lover. This love triangle and the emotions that the male characters feel towards Phuong correlate to deep personal sentiments of the way they feel about the country of Vietnam itself. Vietnam becomes feminized, taboo, and sexualized just as Phuong does in Pyle and Fowler's eyes. The novel’s rendering of the central plot involving Fowler and Pyle struggle over Phuong represents t he approach that Britain and America engaged in their fight to â€Å"save† Vietnam from communism.Pyle's' intentions toward Phuong, although similar in some cases to Fowler's, harbors fundamental differences. Both men view Phuong as a sort of object that needs to be saved or require some sort of assistance in order to endure life. When Pyle falls in love with Phuong upon their first encounter, he decides that he must do whatever he can or whatever he deems necessary in order to â€Å"save† Phuong from a deprived existence. This is the exact same way that Pyle views Vietnam and its present condition. In Chapter 1 part 2, Pyle suggests that Vietnam is in need of a Third Force to combat the Communists.In response, Fowler states: â€Å"He would have to learn for himself the real background that held you as a smell does: the gold of the rice fields under a flat late sun: the fisher’s fragile cranes hovering over the fields like mosquitoes: the cups of tea on an old abbot’s platform, with his bed and his commercial calendars, his buckets and broken cups and the junk of a lifetime washed up around his chair: the mollusk hats of the girls repairing the road where a mine had burst†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (23) Pyle spoke about how a Third Force is needed in Vietnam, yet he does not have a clue about the workings of the country.He is so absorbed in trying to spread the ideal of freedom of democracy that he neglects the significance of applying culturally appropriate approaches in relations to Indo-China. The Vietnamese government can make their own choices concerning political rule, however America’s anti- Communist agenda thwarts their ability to do so. This reflects the American stereotype of being overly idealistic, naive, and arrogant as they feel the need to meddle in issues of other nations in hopes to enlighten them to become more progressive. On the other hand, Fowler has learned to appreciate Phuong and Vietnam.The â€Å"gold of the ri ce fields, the fishers' fragile cranes,† and other beautiful aspects of this country have made him adopt it as his own. Fowler understands Vietnam and is fond of it; Pyle does not understand Vietnam and wants to improve it. Consequently, Fowler does not want to become concerned with the circumstances occurring in Vietnam and does not become involved in the situation between Pyle and Phuong until he is forced to do so. He prides himself on having no opinions and not taking sides, but instead he believes himself to be a true reporter who only observes.The British act in a similar fashion. The great imperial power of Great Britain historically is known to have a hands-off approach with their colonies and common wealth. They embrace some of the traditional and ethnic practices and social structures of the region; yet require both financial and political loyalty of their Oriental provinces. He essentially permits Phuong to decide whom she wants to be with until he is compelled to l eave his state of neutrality when it no longer benefits him.In a similar way, Fowler believed that Vietnam should be able to choose what would occur in its own future although he worries that they would make the wrong decision and elect a Communist leader. Fowler is not in love with Phuong but he wants her. He wants things between them to remain the way they are. He does not want her to marry Pyle. In this sense his motive to murder Pyle is partly personal as well as political. He spends a lot of time justifying his involvement with Pyle's murder as the only way of stopping him from doing further damage to the Vietnamese people, yet his true motives are more complex.In Chapter 2 of part 2, Fowler's discourse on Phuong reads very sexist and racist in his conversation with Pyle. â€Å"But she loves you, doesn't she? † â€Å"Not like that. It isn't in their nature. You'll find that out. It's a cliche to call them children–but there's one thing which is childish. They lov e you in return for kind-ness, security, the presents you give them-they hate you for a blow or an injustice. They don't know what it's like -just walking into a room and loving a stranger. For an aging man, Pyle, it's very secure-she won't run away from home so long as the home is happy. I hadn't meant to hurt him. I only realized I had done it when he said with muffled anger, â€Å"She might prefer a greater security or more kindness† (125). In the quote above, Fowler believes that Phuong and other Vietnamese women only â€Å"love† men based on what they give them and how secure the men make them feel. For Fowler, this notion is ideal for he believes that Phuong’s proclivity for loyalty will prevent her from leaving him as she is like a child who loves in return for kindness, gifts, and security. Both Fowler and Pyle objectify Phuong in different ways, but with the same result.In Chapter 3 of part 2, Fowler praises Phuong for her readiness to comply with his s exual demands: â€Å"Kiss me, Phuong. † She had no coquetry. (†¦) she would have made love if I had asked her to, straight away, peeling off her trousers without question†¦ (143). She services Fowler by preparing his opium pipes and providing him with sex any time he wants it. When Pyle shows an interest in her, Phuong abandons Fowler to live with Pyle. She shows little reaction to Pyle's death but readily moves back in with Fowler. In addition to Phuong’s depiction as a sexual object, opium is in its own right serves as a thematic object in The Quiet American.The heavy use of opium by Thomas Fowler portrays the lack of moral dexterity of the colonial powers. It is associated with indolence and vice for the Fowler character. He is mostly concerned with his ability to live as comfortable a life as possible in Vietnam. He writes the occasional news article for the British newspaper he s employed by, but prefers to spend his time smoking opium and enjoying the c ompany of Phuong. He smokes opium, which enhances his sense of total detachment, even from his own death. Nothing matters to him and he has no real ambitions except to avoid being sent back to England and to the an estranged wife.Opium is a highly addicted recreational drug used in Indo-China. The fact that Fowler smokes opium so frequently highlights his link to Vietnam and the moral conflicts revolved around the pleasure he takes in his Vietnamese life such as his lover, the people, and the culture. In sum, Phuong’s role in The Quiet America’s main plot reflects the dichotomy of imperialism in Indo-China and an ongoing love triangle. When Pyle discusses Phuong with Fowler, he starts talking about love, but Fowler replies: â€Å"Love’s a Western word†¦we use it for sentimental reasons or to cover up an obsession with one woman.These people don’t suffer from obsessions. † Phuong exists for the benefit of her lovers and even for her own sister to ensure her own security. Vietnam provided its colonizers what they wanted. Its people didn’t care who ruled them, they gave loyalty to any who could preserve a livelihood with the necessities such as food, jobs, and national defense. Likewise, Phuong’s decision to remain with Fowler wasn’t a consequence of her being a victim of circumstance, but of her playing an active role in maintaining survival through the protection of marriage.

Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder or ADHD Essay

Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder or ADHD is a dysfunction in the brain. People that were diagnosed with ADHD will show these symptoms; poor attention span, excessive impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These symptoms will cause people diagnosed with ADHD trouble in organization, memory, focus, sitting still, and staying quiet. ADHD was first identified in 1902 by Professor Still. Professor Still was observing children that showed the signs of a person diagnosed with ADHD. He noted how children could not sit still for a certain period of time nor could they stay quiet. He believed that this â€Å"restlessness† originated from somewhere inside the brain. This theory was supported by Bradley in 1937, Bradley discovered a psycho-stimulant†¦show more content†¦This a major aspect in ADHD with the attention span being so short, in most cases it means that the person has low dopamine levels and is treated for it accordingly. The stimulant are also designed to increase y our focusing abilities and decrease the impulsive behavior. A new stimulant was recently used in a 1 year trial called methylphenidate, with this stimulant 80% of the adults tested said that the symptoms had reduced significantly. This stimulant did show a lot of promise 6-9 months after the experiment, but some patients began to develop cardiovascular problems that were unrelated to the stimulant, but with our knowledge today we couldn’t be sure that the stimulant didn’t play a role in the cardiac problems that followed, but these patient did previously have cardiac problems prior to the experiment so nothing to conclusive was made off of that. More evidence did show up proving the stimulants effectiveness, after comparing before and after charts of the brain through neuro-imaging you can see that the brain became more active sending out more electrical signals compared to before the experiment. Non-stimulants were approved by the FDA in 2002. Non-stimulant just like the stimulants proved effective against the symptoms of ADHD. A popular non-stimulant is Atomoxetine, this non-stimulant job is target a neurotransmitter norepinephrine and make this transmitter more available to the brain cells. Helping improve academic performance, classroom behavior, andShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder ( Adhd )873 Words   |  4 Pagesstated in the case of Attention Deficit Hyper activity Disorder or the commonly known acronym ADHD. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children on into adulthood. There is no definitive treatment or actual cause, but in this era of modern medicine, physicians, and specialist has given some solace to the stigma associated ADHD. The website PsychCentral is the reputed leader in the area of mental health and online resources. 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